notes from 2.14
- intonation is a problem in a digital environment.
- 8 howard gardener's theory of intelligences

lack of understanding of registers - breakdown of appropriateness etc.

lack of permanence

 Bernstien - codes - students have with them "restrictive code" - context dependent/ insider lanuage -assumptions/ shared knowledge
"elaborate code" - more information/ more detail is provided - FUNCTION
learning codes - their codes aren't valued - doesn't function in ways
Ong
 -structural semiotic approach - used as an approach to education in some countries
- where does genre fit into this system?
-Understanding the individual in the physical environment - move towards social environment
-interorganism (how an organism interacts with others) perspective - language as a form of behavior

 vs. intraorganism (internal/ psychophysiological - language as following rules - language as knowledge - make meaning - lang. and that language will be taken up vs. lan. as behavior)
He DOES NOT create a split

determine. 
What can the individual do in certain situations?

Language as acquisition
Bakhtin - unity of language
failure - deficit - difference and value judgements - Halliday - unjust

  vs. language as development
learn through regulatory mechanisms - interactions  - acquires a range of potentials

educational failure - social vs. intellectual - often a mismatch between symbolic codes

"Know language" - understanding meaning potential

Stratified systems - see notes - Realization - utterance is REALIZATION of various components of social environment/ register etc.

Language system/ metafunction/ context
 mood and modality/ interpersonal /tenor
Transitivity/    ideational  /field
Theme /     textual                       /mode

This is used as analytic framework - critical discourse analysis came out of this approach
Variation and use is NOT a matter of style - certain configurations of context and ideological functions

Language is way it is b/c of functions it has been shaped to serve
Metafunctions -(7 functions of kids get reduced to these three)


ideational (presents "contexts"/ logical relationships - speakers experience and speech community - catagorizing in terms of processes/ participants/ circumstances
"The  boy in the dirty clothes broke the window because he was angry" - choices about how we display this.
Representation of reality

 interpersonal, - interpreting construction relationships between audience - speaker makes judgements etc. (Boy, dirty clothes, broke) - writer's intrusion into the speech event. Also involves the speaker's position to the audience

Halliday sees ideational and interpersonal as most important

textual -
what makes several utterances into a text - contextually relevant. - contextual factors
(the boy is THE ONE who broke the window - ties to something happening in context (a line of boys?)

All three of these happening at the same time!!!! Shaped to be relevant to people involved.


The metafunctions - are realized through the lexico grammar - activate or require choices from within linguistic systems. ALSO metafunctions realize even more abstract components  - social structure and register.
So - levels of abstraction
More abstract - less abstract:
social structure-register - metafunctions - lexico -grammar

Register: variation according to use " A register can be defined as the configuration of semantic resources that the member of a culture typically associates with a situation type. It is the
meaning potential that is accessible in a given social context." (111)

predictive

variation of each:
field: "The field is the social action in which the text is embedded; it includes the subject-matter, as
one special manifestation."

tenor:
 "set of role relationships among the relevant participants; it includes levels of formality as one particular instance.
mode
"The mode is the channel or wavelength selected, which is essentially
the function that is assigned to language in the total structure of the
situation; it includes the medium (spoken or written), which is explained as a
functional variable"
 These combine in particular ways to create register - which then affects the metafunctions (ideational (what is), interpersonal (personal stamp), textual (pointing to contextual factors)

So, certain situations can recur - (similar to genre) - clustering of certain types of meanings

1993 - genre, placed by Martin at the level of culture/ context of culture (could be something like the culture of the university)
Generalized social purposes, goals, motivations
genre  - structured in stages - in this model - genre shapes registers (some think the opposite)
(Genre and genre)
state of the union - genre/
 Genre - Democratic society -transparency(certain purposes would enact -- genre as social event) -
Also, now - expressing party beliefs (statement to Congress to something that is televised- no longer seen as delivery to congress) -
So Genre shapes dimensions of social contexts - which create register
for state of the union
field: act of giving the state of the union - account
tenor:president - congress (before) now president to nation/ public - changes according to speech unit
seating arrangement  - this creates a moment of constructing constituencies
mode: monologue; speech/ broadcast - response

All of these create a certain register: fairly formal - statement/ response (can be violated "You lie!")

Determination  - from metafunctions/ from top down

How does that play out with THE INDIVIDUAL? The top level - impermeable

110
"It consists of those
general properties of the situation which collectively function as the determinants
of text, in that they specify the semantic configurations that the
speaker will typically fashion in contexts of the given type" - how does this impact with Lemke "critical practice"?  Chip away at age discrimination.
Schooling as site of liberation

Halliday 126
"It attempts to explain the semiotic of the
social structure, in its aspects both of persistence and of change, including
the semantics of social class, of the power system, of hierarchy and of social
conflict. It attempts also to explain the linguistic processes whereby the
members construct the social semiotic, whereby social reality is shaped,
constrained and modified- processes which, far from tending towards an
ideal construction, admit and even institutionalize myopia, prejudice and
misunderstanding (Berger and Luckmann 1966, ch. 3 )."

"All the lines of determination are
ipso facto also lines of tension, not only through indeterminacy in the
transmission but also through feedback. The meaning of the text, for example,
is fed back into the situation, and becomes part of it, changing it in the
process; it is also fed back, through the register, into the semantic system,
which it likewise affects and modifies. The code, the form in which we
conceptualize the injection of the social structure into the semantic process,
is itself a two-way relation, embodying feedback from the semantic configurations
of social interaction into the role relationships of the family and
other social groups."



Anti-languages - subcultures (arguing against a structuralist point of view)

discussion  - how to "open" entry into certain domains? Can that be captured into register
Power - where will this be published? So how does this add to power?