Widdowson - Text and Discourse

Class - discourse -- anything beyond the sentence 
Text - what exactly does this mean?
Move beyond text linguistics - beyond formalism
space etc is very important (P in certain location)
social structures - purposeful/ shared experiences/ shared symbol systems

History - language in use
 3
Harris " discourse analysis is a set of procedures for establishing underlying formal equivalences withing a text...."Language does not occur in stray words or sentences, but in connected discourse"
4
Harris - focused on author's intent
equates discourse with text

5
 Stubbs - same issue - as is with others
6
public notices
Chafe criterion
7
P - parking - changes meaning NYPD- depends on context - even place (P in country vs. city)
"It depends on....relating to something outside of itself  that is to say context....point away from itself to the context, and so indicated where meaning is to be found elsewhere"
Indexicality! Locate meaning contextually.

Discourse - uttering relates to something beyond itself (social)
8
social intent

socialization - Trains/ tresspassers will be prosecuted

interpreting text - "you may recognize intentionality but not know the intention. This is where discourse comes in, and why it needs to be distinguished from text."
"It is this activation, this acting of context on code, this indexical conversion of the symbol that I refer to as discourse. Discourse in this view is the pragmatic process of meaning negotiation."
"you may recognize intentionality but not know the intention"....text is the product
Intention (individualistic) as cognitive process....
recognize something is a communicative act...but we may not know what ppl meant (think history - did we know what intent was? Can't read intention off of a page! See p. 9 & 10
traces - what is on the page is just a trace (mediated by a lot of other things
Sojurner Truth - "Ain't I a Woman?"
Intentionality - take out "individuality"

Noun vs. Verb -discourse process of creation of a symbol (text - the communicative unit)

9
recording issues/ transcription

10
textual record - generally poor representation

 11
Why disparities in transcription?

What writer intends may be very different from what readers derive

12
escalator ha ha
13
reading reminds me of reading theory - much more situated in social