Notes 3.14

Issues of - persuasion, action,
Charland - we don't have a "transmission model" of audience
don't account for audience
don't conflate rhetoric with persuasision
- audience can't always have a "free choice" to respond to discourse - agency

IDENTIFICATION
133
"Burke's
stress on identification permits a rethinking of judgment and the working of the
rhetorical effect, for he does not posit a transcendent subject as audience member,
who would exist prior to and apart from the speech to be judged, but considers
audience members to participate in the very discourse by which they would be
"persuaded." Audiences would embody a discourse. A consequence of this theoretical
move is that it permits an understanding within rhetorical theory of ideological
discourse, of the discourse that presents itself as always only pointing to the given, the
natural, the already agreed upon."

We need to have a point of contact

Individuals (disconnected from social)
Subjects/ Subjectivities - genre of social construct - beyond individuality (certain identifications with where you grew up) - dimensions of social and political - IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION
Audience then, they can be audience -- when there is an expectation

"In other words, rhetorical theory usually refuses to
consider the possibility that the very existence of social subjects (who would become
audience members) is already a rhetorical effect. Nevertheless, much of what we as
rhetorical critics consider to be a product or consequence of discourse, including
social identity, religious faith, sexuality, and ideology is beyond the realm of rational
or even free choice, beyond the realm of persuasion. As Burke notes, the identifications
of social identity can occur "spontaneously, intuitively, even unconsciously."5
Such identifications are rhetorical, for they are discursive effects that induce human
cooperation. They are also, however, logically prior to persuasion."

141
"The necessity is ontological: one must
already be a subject in order to be addressed or to speak. We therefore cannot say that
one is persuaded to be a subject; one is "always already" a subject. This does not
imply, however, that one's subject position is fixed at the moment one enters
language."

142
"To be an embodied subject is to experience and act in a textualized
world."

So - CORDOVA - embody the subjectivity: persuasion happens automatically

“The religious allusions of the Catecismo proposed a long and noble history for jibaros as good Christian men (a universal identity) poised once again to act in accordance with Christian moral precepts" (221). And as unlikely as it sounds, Cordova’s explanation of the appeal of  the question answer format as a way to participate in “dialogue” speaks to the way in which this particular constituency (jibaros) had been marginalized by parties in the past (226).

Interpellation:
talk about the Quebeco as though they already exist - act in a certain way...People read that narrative and feel like it is speaking to them.
Recruiting subjects into action (find a certain group of individuals) MOVE to identity which then moves to action.
Creating possibilities of action
Reminds me of "redneck" - certain ppl interpellated
subjects people take up
Certain kind of story gets told - Tea Party
"consubstantiality" - exist with a historical force (presently)

Power - to make a subject is to subjugate!
138
Agency of addressee
 Althuser:
interpellation":
22
I shall then suggest that ideology "acts" or "functions" in such a way that it "recruits"
subjects among the individuals (it recruits them all), or "transforms" the individuals into
subjects (it transforms them all) by that very precise operation which I have called
interpellation or hailing, and which can be imagined along the lines of the most
commonplace everyday police (or other) hailing: "Hey, you there1"23
Interpellation occurs at the very moment one enters into a rhetorical situation, that
is, as soon as an individual recognizes and acknowledges being addressed. An
interpellated subject participates in the discourse that addresses him. Thus, to be
interpellated is to become one of Black's personae and be a position in a discourse. In
consequence, interpellation has a significance to rhetoric, for the acknowledgment of
an address entails an acceptance of an imputed self-understanding which can form
the basis for an appeal.
dialogical - hearing that you've been hailed
are people turned into objects? Are they stripped from agency? 
41
Thieme - different?
Subject positions that speakers create for their audience
Creating subjects addressed as audience

Charland...certain rhetorical work happens before others...Don't have an audience unless social subject (how to get from subject to audience???)

Concept of audience....in field move from Park in 1982?

Zagacki - offers WHO gets to do the constituting? In what situations does that work? Not? Was Bush even to be speaking to the group at all?

Doesn't build argument about whether we should be there at all.
Who is authorized to speak at all - the entire moment of speech is illegitimate
dualism....Constitutes American audience as well as Iraqis
distinction...spoken to or spoken about?  Overhearer? (p. 36)

important to think of ideological functions